Thromboembolism

What is thromboembolism?



Blood clot formation does occur in the occasional individual. When the blood clots remains in a blood vessel for some time, it gets incorporated with some blood products and organized. At this point it is called a thrombus. Most blood clots occur in veins. In most cases the body activates mechanisms to break down the blood clot. However, sometimes the system fails and the thrombus grows. In some individuals this thrombus can break off and migrate elsewhere in the body. When a thrombus breaks off and lodges elsewhere in the body, it is called a thromboembolism.

Where is the most common site for thrombus formation?

The most common area of a blood clot occurrence is in the legs. However, blood clots or thrombus can occur in any vein the body.

How common is thromboembolism?

Exact numbers are difficult as in many individuals the diagnosis is never made. Hospital estimates indicate that about 250,000 individuals suffer from a thromboembolic stroke each year and at least 50,000 of these result in death. Autopsy data indicate that these numbers are an underestimate.

Where do most thrombus migrate?

All veins take blood to the lungs. Therefore, when a thrombus is formed in a vein, it always migrates to the lungs.

Why do thrombus form in the leg?

Clots usually form in the leg for three basic reasons:.

- When there is injury to the veins in the leg

- tendency of blood to clot (inherited blood disorder)

- slowing of blood flow (prolonged sleeping or standing in one position)

How do I know if I have a blood clot in my leg?

Some individuals may have:

- pain

- swelling

- redness

- increased warmth of the leg

How does one know if there is a clot has migrated to the lungs?

The symptoms depend on the size of the blood clot. The individual may present with the following:

- nothing if the clot is very small

- sudden shortness of breath

- low grade fever

- fast breathing

- dizziness or fainting

- chest pain

- coughing up blood

- shock

How can I prevent thromboembolism?

Since blood clots are most common in the legs, the best way is to prevent conditions which lead to blood clot formation. Preventive measures should include:

- avoid sitting or standing for long periods

- wear compression stockings

- exercise regularly

- avoid weight gain